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Chapter 18 . Setting Up Windows Interoperability with Samba 503 Figure 18-7: Browsing SMB resources using LinNeighborhood Mounting a Shared Windows Drive There are many different ways to mount a shared Windows drive on your SUSE system, the easiest of which is to use the standard Linux mount command. For example, to mount an SMB share named wvh that is available on an SMB server named home, mount that share on the directory /mnt/smb, and access those files as the Windows user wvh, you would execute a command such as the following as the root user: # mount -t smbfs -o username=wvh //home/wvh /mnt/smb The previous command line can be broken down as follows: . -tsmbfs Identifies the type of filesystem that you are mounting as an smbfs filesystem (SMB filesystem). . -ousername=wvh Passes the username=wvh option to the mountcommand, which identifies your Windows user login as wvh. . //home/wvh The name of the Windows directory that you want to mount on your SUSE system. In this example, this is a directory named wvhon a Windows file server named home. . /mnt/smb The directory on your SUSE system where you want to mount the specified Windows directory.
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502 Part IV . Implementing Network Services in SUSE Linux Tip If you are using the KDE desktop, you can create a permanent shortcut to the Local Network icon on your SUSE desktop by dragging the Local Network icon from Konqueror to your desktop and selecting Copy Here from the menu that is displayed. You can do the same thing by right-clicking Konqueror s Local Network icon, selecting the Copy To menu item, navigating your Home Folder s Desktop folder, and selecting the Copy Here menu command. A fast alternative to using Konqueror to browse available Windows resources is to use a command-line utility called smbtree. This utility is installed as part of the samba-client package, and provides a fast listing of available SMB resources when executed from within konsole, xterm, or any other Linux terminal emulation utility. Figure 18-6 shows the output from running smbtree on a sample home network featuring two Samba servers that are both members of the WVH workgroup. Figure 18-6: Browsing SMB resources using smbtree Another useful package for browsing SMB resources is the open source project LinNeighborhood (www.bnro.de/~schmidjo/index.html). A package containing LinNeighborhood is included as a separately installable package in your SUSE Linux Professional distribution set. Figure 18-7 shows LinNeighborhood displaying the same set of resources shown in Figures 18-5 and 18-6.
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Chapter 18 . Setting Up Windows Interoperability with Samba 501 That s all there is to it your system is now configured as a client of the selected domain or workgroup! Your credentials and rights to access the resources available in the selected domain or workgroup will be checked when you attempt to access those resources, as described in the following sections. Browsing Available Windows Resources SUSE Linux provides a number of different ways to browse Windows networks to identify and access available resources. The most common of these is to use the Konqueror browser, shown in Figure 18-5. SMB support in Konqueror is constantly being improved, so make sure that you have installed the latest version of the kdebase3 package using YaST s Online Update control (discussed in Chapter 9) if you encounter problems. Figure 18-5: Browsing SMB resources in Konqueror To browse resources on your local network using Konqueror, click the My Computer icon on your desktop, and select the Network icon from the column of icons at the left. Click the Local Network entry in the left pane, and select the Windows Network icon from the right pane to display icons for any available domains and workgroups in the right pane. You can then drill down into any available domain or workgroup by clicking the icons that are subsequently displayed. Figure 18-5 shows local network resources after drilling down to the WVH workgroup and its HOME share in Konqueror.
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500 Part IV . Implementing Network Services in SUSE Linux Figure 18-4: Samba Client configuration pane in YaST 3. When this screen is displayed, the default name TUX-NET appears in the Windows Domain or Workgroup text box. If you know the name of the domain or workgroup that you want to join, position the cursor in this text box, type the domain or workgroup name, and click the Finish button. If you do not know the exact name of the domain or workgroup that you want to join, click the Browse button to display a dialog box that shows the list of Windows domains and workgroups that can be detected on the network to which your system is attached. Tip If you are configuring your system to be a member of a Windows domain, the Samba Client configuration panel also provides the option of using the existing Windows authentication information provided by that domain when you log in to your Linux system. Selecting this option simplifies local system administration by using a single, central authentication mechanism, but may make it difficult for you to log in when your system is not connected to the network. Using a Windows domain as your primary authentication mechanism is done by adding an SMB Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) to the authentication process on your system, as defined by the file /etc/pam.conf.
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Chapter 18 . Setting Up Windows Interoperability with Samba 499 To configure and start a Samba client, follow these steps: 1. Click the Network Services icon in the left pane of the YaST Control Center and scroll down the right pane until you see the Samba Client icon, as shown in Figure 18-3. 2. Click the Samba Client icon to display the Samba Client configuration pane, as shown in Figure 18-4. This screen enables you to set the name of an existing Windows domain or workgroup. Under Windows, the core difference between a domain and workgroup is where the administrative and authentication information is stored. Workgroups typically store authentication and connection information on each PC, while domains are administered from a central authentication and user database known as a domain controller. Domain controllers will be discussed in more detail later in this chapter in the sidebar To PDC or Not to PDC. Figure 18-3: Samba Client icon in YaST
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498 Part IV . Implementing Network Services in SUSE Linux Figure 18-1: YaST initial screen Figure 18-2: KDE su dialog box
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Chapter 18 . Setting Up Windows Interoperability with Samba 497 . Support for Microsoft Active Directory. This also provides support for Samba servers as member servers in Active Directory domains. . Improved Unicode and internationalization support. . Improved support for the updated printing system used by Windows 200X and Windows XP. For detailed information on Samba 3.0 and migration issues for older Samba servers, see the Samba HOWTO collection. This set of documents is installed on your SUSE system as part of the samba-doc package, as described in Samba- Related Packages in SUSE Linux later in this chapter. When you have installed the samba-doc package, the Samba HOWTO collection is available in the file /usr/ share/doc/packages/samba/Samba-HOWTO-Collection.pdf. You can also find the Samba HOWTO collection online at sites such as www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk/ docs/s/samba30/htmldocs/howto/. Setting Up and Using a Samba Client Most desktop SUSE users who work in an environment where Windows systems are also used will want to configure and start a Samba client on their machines. Starting a Samba client on your system enables you to access Windows resources such as printers and file servers on your local network. A Samba client does not enable your system to export filesystems and printers to your local network to do that, you will need to configure and start a Samba server on your system, as explained in Setting Up a Samba Server, later in this chapter. If you have problems locating any of the YaST configuration options or applications described in this section, see the section entitled Samba Client and Server Packages later in this chapter for information about locating and installing any packages that may not have been installed during the installation process. Configuring a Samba Client Like most administrative tasks on a SUSE Linux system, configuring and starting a Samba client is most easily done through YaST. If you are running the X Window system KDE desktop (SUSE s default graphical environment), you can execute by selecting YaST from the Control Center menu, which is available by clicking the SUSE icon at the bottom-left corner of your KDE desktop. If you start YaST as the root user, the YaST dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 18-1. If you start YaST as any other user, the KDE su dialog box is displayed as shown in Figure 18-2. Enter your system s root password, and the system will start YaST for you as the root user. Note Note
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496 Part IV . Implementing Network Services in SUSE Linux section highlights the Samba-related packages that are available in your SUSE distribution and explains how to locate and install any that you might not have initially installed on your system. A Bit of Background The SUSE Linux kernel features built-in connectivity with networked Windows resources by supporting the Windows Server Message Block (SMB) protocol that underlies most native Windows networking mechanisms. The SMB protocol is now considered a part of Microsoft s more general Common Internet File Services (CIFS), but its name lives on in the Samba software suite. Acronyms reign supreme in the network world, most of which are related to the history of various standards and protocols. This is especially true for the long list of network protocols used by DOS and Windows systems. When Microsoft decided that network support was a good thing, it began entering the market by introducing the NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) standard in 1984 to define and control the characteristics of network communication from a DOS or Windows system. To implement this transport standard, Microsoft provided the NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface) protocol. NetBEUI worked fine on the small corporate networks of the day but was missing basic features, such as routing, that were required as networks became larger and connection between distinct but connected networks became increasingly necessary. From 1985 through 1988, Microsoft worked with IBM and Intel to introduce and popularize SMB, which is a NetBIOS implementation that today runs over TCP/IP networks. If you re still collecting acronyms, SMB is the most common example of what is generically known as NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP, also known as NetBT). As discussed in Chapter 6, TCP/IP has always been the networking protocol associated with Unix and Linux systems. Samba was originally developed by Andrew Tridgell ( tridge ), who initially began development of what would later become Samba on DEC and Sun workstations in 1991. He began work on porting Samba (then just known as NetBIOS for Unix or smbserver) in 1992. In 1994, J.R. Conlin and Dave Fenwick started an SMB-related newsgroup, comp.protocols.smb, as a forum for discussing Samba development; smbserver was renamed Samba in 1994 because of conflicts with the name of an existing product, and the rest is history. Today, Samba is used on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX, and any Unix and Unix-like system that you can think of. Similarly, most of the NAS (Network Attached Storage) systems that you can purchase today support NFS (the Network File System, discussed in Chapter 22) thanks to Sun s early release of the NFS specification and Windows networking courtesy of Samba. SUSE Linux provides an up-to-date version of Samba Version 3. Version 3 introduces several significant enhancements over previous versions of Samba, including the following:
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Setting Up Windows Interoperability with Samba Regardless of how you feel about Microsoft Windows, it s impossible to ignore that most businesses use it for their day-to-day activities. The prevalence of Windows makes it important for Linux systems to be able to access Windows resources such as Windows file servers and printers. Similarly, the power of Linux as a corporate computing resource makes it important for Windows systems to be able to access file servers and printers that may run on Linux systems. Interoperability with other types of computer systems and network communication mechanisms is an important aspect of the power and flexibility of Linux and is one of the keys to its being adopted in both the home- and enterprise- computing environments. Interoperability between Windows and Linux network resources is provided by a set of client/server applications that are part of a set of applications known as the Samba software suite. Linux systems that need to be able to access Windows resources (and therefore need to be able to act as a client of those Windows resources) do so by running a Samba client application. Linux systems that need to export resources to Windows users do so by running a Samba server that makes those resources available over the network in a form that Windows systems can access. This chapter explains how to configure both Samba clients and servers, explains various authentication models for Samba servers, and discusses some graphical and command- line utilities that make it easier to explore and interact with Windows resources from your SUSE Linux system. The last 18 CHAPTER …. In This Chapter Setting up and using a Samba client Setting up a Samba server Using Winbind Samba command-line utilities The Samba configuration file ….
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494 Part IV . Implementing Network Services in SUSE Linux mutt mutt is a more feature-filled command-line mail client that can display your mail in a formatted list and also employs mail message threading. It is a lot more interactive than mail, but can be used on the command line as your daily mail client. If you want to use mutt, install it through the YaST package manager. The Graphical Mail Clients For Linux users, the choice of mail client usually boils down to the desktop product they use. KDE comes with the kmail client, whereas Gnome comes with the Evolution mail client. Both are quite different beasts. kmail kmail is a very nice, well-rounded mail client that can connect to POP, IMAP, and also local mail spools to read your mail. You can set up mail rules to send mail to specific folders based on certain parameters and can also connect to mail servers over SSL. Evolution Evolution is more of an Outlook for Linux application in that it incorporates not only mail, but calendaring, address book, and tasks under the same roof. Whereas with kmail you use separate applications for this functionality, Evolution has them Recently, Ximian open sourced their Connector product, which also enables you to connect your Ximian Evolution client to a Microsoft Exchange 2000/2003 server and access your calendars and so on. Mail Systems on Linux Mail on Linux is a funny thing; there are many ways to provide mail services on any Unix system in general, from using sendmail or Postfix as an MTA to Qpopper or Cyrus as an MDA, all the way to choosing from among numerous MUAs for reading your mail. At the end of the day, it is up to you how you want to configure mail on your system. We ve given you enough information to proceed, and you will quickly find the variety of choices available will enable you to implement a solution that meets your needs. … built in. Note
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