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808 Appendix: What s on the DVD Note that the retail version of SUSE Linux Professional (currently version 10.1) also contains a set of installation CDs, and a printed manual. The retail version also includes printed manuals and entitles the buyer to installation support (for details Caution see www.novell.com/support/products/suselinux/conditions.html). Note that the DVD contains a complete distribution of the Linux operating system. As this is a complete operating system, installing it will by default destroy all data on your computer, although a dual-boot installation is possible (allowing you to keep your existing operating system and choose between operating systems at boot-time). We recommend that you back up all important files before attempting a dual-boot installation. This version of SUSE Linux is offered without any support from SUSE, Novell, or John Wiley & Sons, and any loss of data or other damage as a result of using this DVD is your own responsibility. Troubleshooting If you have difficulty installing or using any of the materials on the companion DVD, try the following solutions: . Ensure that you have a DVD-ROM drive and that this is set as the boot device in your computer s BIOS. . Ensure that your computer has sufficient memory (RAM). You will need at least 128MB of RAM and preferably 256MB to install this version of Linux. . Read the sections of this book referring to the installation procedure, particularly Chapter 1. . For other problems, see the SUSE support database at http://portal.suse .com/sdb/en/index.html Customer Care If you have trouble with the DVD, please call the Wiley Product Technical Support phone number at (800) 762-2974. Outside the United States, call (317) 572-3994. You can also contact Wiley Product Technical Support at www.wiley.com/techsupport. John Wiley & Sons will provide technical support only for installation and other general quality control items. For technical support on the applications themselves, consult the program s vendor or author.
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What s on the DVD APPENDIX This appendix provides you with information on the contents of the DVD that accompanies this book. System Requirements Make sure that your computer meets the minimum system requirements listed in this section. If your computer doesn t match up to most of these requirements, you may have a problem using the contents of the DVD. . PC with a Pentium or AMD processor running at 90 MHz or faster. . At least 128MB of total RAM installed on your computer; for best performance, we recommend at least 256MB. . A DVD-ROM drive. What s on the DVD The DVD included with this book contains the SUSE Linux Professional Edition version 10.0 distribution for computers with x86, AMD64 or EM64T processors. This will install on most modern computers with an Intel or AMD processor. As you read the book, you will find more information about what is included in the Professional distribution, but it contains everything you need to get started with SUSE Linux. To order the SUSE Linux 10.0 source code, go to www.wiley.com/go/ suselinux10bibleto download a coupon with further details. For more information about installing the SUSE Linux Professional Edition version 10.0 included on the DVD, see Chapter 1.
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806 Part V . SUSE Linux in the Enterprise The Red Carpet client connects either directly to Novell s server or can connect to a local server running ZENworks Linux Management (which is a Novell management server for managing Linux machines, and includes the Red Carpet server software). ZENworks Linux Management is part of the wider ZENworks product that can also manage Windows and NetWare machines across the network. The Future of NLD Novell has been working very hard with the open source community on usability issues in the area of desktop software. The Novell OpenOffice.org team has contributed a great deal to the development of the office suite and its integration into the wider desktop environment. Novell is also very interested in upgrading existing customers with NetWare on the server and Windows on the desktop to OES (Open Enterprise Server see Chapter 31) on the server and NLD on the desktop. As a result NLD can be said to be an important part of Novell s long-term strategy for the future of its Linux offerings. For More Information For more information, you can check out the following two books on the specific subject of the Novell Linux Desktop: . Novell Linux Desktop 9 Administrator s Handbook by Emmett Dulaney (Novell Press, August 2005) . Novell Linux Desktop 9 User s Handbook by Jim Pyles, Maries Perry, and Emmett Dulaney (Que, November 2005) You may also find Linux Desktop Hacks by Nicholas Petreley and Jono Bacon (O Reilly, April 2005) of interest. …
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Chapter 32 . Business Desktop Linux: The Novell Linux Desktop 805 Figure 32-4: The Terminal Server client connection dialog box Figure 32-5: The Terminal Server client displaying remote Windows desktop
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804 Part V . SUSE Linux in the Enterprise Note Figure 32-3: iFolder status information An iFolder client has been added to SUSE Linux 10.0, supporting version 3 of the Novell iFolder protocol. The client is open source software; Novell s iFolder server is proprietary. However, as the protocol is published, it is possible to create an open source server, and this has been done in the form of the Simias server. Terminal Server Client There is a multipurpose terminal server client, shown in Figure 32-4, that has support for Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), ICA, Virtual Network Computing (VNC), and other protocols. This enables you to connect to a Windows server that is offering remote desktop or Windows terminal server services (see Figure 32-5), a Citrix server, or any desktop that is offering connections by VNC. Citrix Client This is the official Linux client distributed by Citrix. It enables you to connect to a Citrix server and includes the ability to run specific single Windows applications from the server as well as connecting to an entire desktop, among other things. Red Carpet Updates NLD uses Red Carpet rather than YOU (YaST Online Update) as its software update system. To use this system, you choose the menu item (FIXME). The first time you run Red Carpet, you have to enter an activation code and subscribe to the NLD9 software channel. Then you can use the system to keep the software included in NLD up-to-date in roughly the same way that YOU does it on other SUSE/Novell Linux versions.
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Chapter 32 . Business Desktop Linux: The Novell Linux Desktop 803 When you first run the iFolder client, you will be prompted for a username, password, and iFolder server (see Figure 32-1). You may also be prompted for a pass phrase that was provided when your iFolder server account was set up. Figure 32-1: The iFolder Login dialog box You are then prompted for the location of the iFolder that will be set up (see Figure 32-2). A desktop icon is created by default (a folder icon with a red letter i on it). From the user s point of view, this folder behaves like a normal directory; you can copy files to and from it freely. Figure 32-2: iFolder local folder setup Whenever the iFolder client is running, this folder will be automatically synchronized with the data on the iFolder server (note, however, that on the server the data is stored in an encrypted form). While the iFolder client is running, there is a small icon in the notification area (panel or system tray). Clicking on this icon provides status information, including the history and current status of synchronization with the server (see Figure 32-3).
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802 Part V . SUSE Linux in the Enterprise was set up to take on the native appearance of whichever desktop environment it is running in. NLD 9 includes support for Novell s ZENworks Linux Management (ZLM). Novell still adopts a fairly cautious standpoint in marketing NLD, quite explicitly saying that NLD is not for everyone. They strongly recommend it in certain market sectors, particularly where users require only a limited set of applications, but they are still not trying to promote it to all and sundry as a direct replacement or competitor to Windows on the desktop. As the product matures, and particularly as the management options offered by ZLM (ZENworks Linux Management) improve, Novell s approach can be expected to gradually become more aggressive. The pattern of releases will continue: NLD 10 is expected to be released early in 2006 following the release of SLES 10. NLD Installation Installing NLD is very similar to installing any other SUSE Linux based product (see Chapter 1). The look and feel of the YaST installer has been altered to fit in with the general branding of NLD, but in almost all respects the installation proceeds just like an installation of SUSE Linux Professional. There is a moment early in the installation just before the installation proposal is made where a screen pops up asking whether you want a GNOME- or KDE-based installation (the default is GNOME). For a moment you may think that this screen is preventing you from making changes in the installation proposal; that is not so, but you have to decide between the two options before you can proceed. Special Features of NLD NLD has some special features that were not traditionally part of SUSE Linux. iFolder Client The Novell iFolder is a system that enables users to back up and store files on a server. The iFolder server stores the files in an encrypted form and makes them available both through the desktop iFolder client and through a web page. There are clients available for both Linux and Windows. Anywhere that you have set up an iFolder client to access your files on the iFolder server, you will see exactly the same files in the shared directory. To run the iFolder client on NLD, you need access to an iFolder server across the network, and you need to have been set up as a user on that server.
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Chapter 32 . Business Desktop Linux: The Novell Linux Desktop 801 server and mounts a minimal Linux filesystem by NFS (see Chapter 22) from the server, and starts a local X display. It then runs all applications on the server with only the display happening locally. No management of any kind is required for the client, which has nothing installed on it. If a client fails, it can simply be unplugged and replaced. This type of technology is not new, but it has become more attractive recently because of two factors. . First, the relative power of the server hardware that is available makes it possible to run many more clients from one server than was previously possible. . Second, the other previously limiting factor for this type of solution, the heavy network traffic produced by large numbers of multiple X sessions, can be overcome by using a new technology called NX, which compresses the X protocol and drastically reduces the resulting network traffic. An NX server can also be used in connection with a Citrix server to deliver Windows applications to Linux desktops. There is more information about LTSP at www.ltsp.org. The FreeNX project at http://freenx.berlios.de is based on work done and released as open source by NoMachine (www.nomachine.com). Note that there is no reason why the Linux version running on the LTSP server should not be one of the business desktop specific versions mentioned here, including NLD, so a combination of the two approaches is possible. SLD and NLD SUSE first offered a business desktop version in 2002; this was the SUSE Linux Desktop (SLD), which was based on the code of SLES 8. It was essentially similar to SUSE Personal/Professional 8.1, but had some extra features including a bundled licensed version of CrossOver Office (a commercial version of the Wine Windows emulation software discussed in Chapter 28) and a Citrix client. Take-up was not particularly strong, despite the good publicity that came out of the Munich announcement. There was also a very sensible caution on the part of the SUSE marketing team who did not want to over-hype the product, leading to unfulfilled expectations or disappointment. The explicit statement was made that SLD was not for everyone, and then, as now, the market sectors most suited to the product were identified and clearly stated. Following the release of SLES 9, Novell Linux Desktop (NLD) 9 was released. It was based on the SLES 9 code base, but with recent versions of the KDE and GNOME desktops included, and a great deal of attention paid to usability issues. In particular, the version of OpenOffice.org included with NLD 9 (OpenOffice.org Novell edition)
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800 Part V . SUSE Linux in the Enterprise There are a number of niche commercial distributions in the desktop area, the most important being Xandros and Linspire (formerly known as Lindows, but forced to renounce that name by legal action). Both these companies are staying afloat, but have not made serious inroads into the commercial market for business desktop operating systems. . Xandros is a business desktop version of Linux that has been tailored towards the ability to join a Windows network seamlessly, particularly from the point of view of authentication against the Windows domain, login scripts, and group policy profiles. Xandros offers a KDE desktop with its own look and feel and also a proprietary file manager with some interesting features. . As their original name implies, Linspire s approach was to create a Linux desktop as similar as possible to Microsoft Windows as far as user experience was concerned. Earlier versions bundled CodeWeavers software for running Windows applications, and there was a business model based on an additional cost for the ability to run particular applications. Linspire has more recently made it clear that they are more interested in file compatibility. Among other things they have produced a modified version of OpenOffice.org with changes to make it save files by default in Microsoft formats. As of this writing, they have not released enterprise management tools. Their business model is now based on an annual subscription to a download and installation service that offers a large number of packages (both open source and proprietary) that are packaged specifically for Linspire. One of the essential requirements for a business desktop OS (at least if it is installed locally on every client throughout the enterprise) is a management system that can look after a large number of installations and update and maintain them remotely. Xandros now offers such tools; at the time of writing, Linspire does not, but has announced that management tools will be available in the near future. Other Approaches All the desktop solutions we have discussed so far, and Novell s Novell Linux Desktop (NLD) offering assume a local installation on each machine. This is essentially the approach of replacing the existing local Windows installation on each desk with a Linux installation. As noted previously, such a solution, if it is to be adopted on a large scale, requires some kind of system dedicated to the central management of software installation and updates. There is an interesting alternative to this approach, which is the idea of a diskless Linux thin client. There are a number of projects in this area, of which the best known is LTSP (the Linux Terminal Server Project). In such a setup, the client PC boots across the network (if the network card is capable of PXE booting, this just works) and gets an address by DHCP (see Chapter 20), loads a kernel from the LTSP
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Chapter 32 . Business Desktop Linux: The Novell Linux Desktop 799 The Stubborn Applications In almost every large organization there are some specialist applications for which no Linux alternative exists. These may be commercial, off-the-shelf applications for particular purposes (such as, for example, computer-aided design), or they may be applications that have been created in-house. If an organization wants to migrate to Linux, there are a number of answers to such stubborn problems. . The simplest is to accept that not all users need to migrate to Linux. If a particular group of workers really does require particular software that runs only on Windows, then maybe it makes sense to leave that group of workers out of the migration plan, at least initially. If the great bulk of workers who only need the core applications can be catered for, real progress has been made. . The other answers to the problem of Windows applications that cannot be replaced are the use of Windows emulation using Wine, (or the CodeWeavers CrossOver Office version of Wine), or delivery of the applications over the network. Wine and CrossOver Office are discussed in Chapter 28. The principle of Wine is that the Windows binary runs directly on Linux; all the system calls that it makes are intercepted and reinterpreted by Wine. Many Windows applications will run perfectly (if rather slowly) in this environment, but not all Windows applications will run correctly. CodeWeavers has worked very hard to ensure that the most popular Windows applications will run well, but there is no guarantee that your particular stubborn application will run if it is not on their list. The alternative that will work in every case is to offer the stubborn application across the network from a Windows remote desktop, terminal server, or Citrix server. Users can access the application using an ICA (Intelligent Console Architecture) or RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) client on the Linux desktop. The major disadvantage of this approach is the cost of licensing. Commercial Desktop Distributions Although there has been no doubt that there is a viable business model for commercial enterprise server Linux distributions (a fact that has been amply demonstrated by the commercial success of SUSE/Novell and Red Hat), whether there is a real market for a commercial form of Desktop Linux is at the time of writing still something of a moot question. It is at least arguable that the business model that has worked well for the server versions is not quite suited to the desktop market, where the need for support and maintenance from the vendor is much less acute.
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